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Course Outline

Relational Database Models

  • Understanding the structure of a relational database.
  • Exploring different types of table relationships.
  • Database normalization and denormalization.
  • Relational operators.

Data Retrieval Basics

  • Rules for writing SQL queries.
  • SELECT statement syntax.
  • Selecting all columns.
  • Performing calculations using arithmetic operations.
  • Using column aliases.
  • Working with literals.
  • Using the concatenation operator.

Filtering Results

  • Utilizing the WHERE clause.
  • Comparison operators.
  • The LIKE condition.
  • Using the BETWEEN ... AND condition.
  • Handling NULL values with IS NULL.
  • The IN condition.
  • Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT.
  • Combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause.
  • Operator precedence.
  • Using the DISTINCT clause.

Sorting Data

  • Using the ORDER BY clause.
  • Sorting by multiple columns or expressions.

SQL Functions

  • Differences between single-row and multi-row (aggregate) functions.
  • Text, numeric, and date functions.
  • Explicit and implicit data conversion.
  • Conversion functions.
  • Nesting functions.
  • Evaluating function performance using the DUAL table.
  • Retrieving the current date using SYSDATE.
  • Handling NULL values.

Aggregating Data with Grouping

  • Understanding grouping (aggregate) functions.
  • How grouping functions handle NULL values.
  • Creating data groups using the GROUP BY clause.
  • Grouping by multiple columns.
  • Filtering aggregated results using the HAVING clause.

Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables

  • Types of joins.
  • Using NATURAL JOIN.
  • Applying table aliases.
  • Performing joins within the WHERE clause.
  • INNER JOIN.
  • Outer joins: LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN.
  • Understanding the Cartesian product.

Subqueries

  • Placing subqueries within the SELECT statement.
  • Distinguishing between single-line and multi-line subqueries.
  • Operators for single-line subqueries.
  • Using grouping functions within subqueries.
  • Operators for multi-line subqueries: IN, ALL, ANY.
  • Handling NULL values in subqueries.

Set Operators

  • UNION operator.
  • UNION ALL operator.
  • INTERSECT operator.
  • MINUS operator.

Data Manipulation: Insert, Update, and Delete

  • Using the INSERT command.
  • Copying data from another table.
  • Using the UPDATE command.
  • Using the DELETE command.
  • Using the TRUNCATE command.

Transactions

  • Commands for COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

DDL Commands (Data Definition Language)

  • Main database objects.
  • Rules for naming objects.
  • Creating tables.
  • Available data types for columns.
  • Using the DEFAULT option.
  • Using the NULL and NOT NULL options.

Managing Tables

  • Referential integrity: CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE.
  • Creating a table from a query.
  • Dropping a table: DROP TABLE.
  • Using the DESCRIBE command.

Other Schema Objects

  • Sequences.
  • Synonyms.
  • Views.

Requirements

  • Basic computer literacy.
  • Familiarity with any operating system.
 21 Hours

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