OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies that prevent users from acting beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized information disclosure, data modification or destruction, or the execution of business functions outside a user’s authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are incorrectly set up from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures represent breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges regarding CPU performance and private key/certificate management have been largely addressed by modern CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified management services like LetsEncrypt.org. Major cloud vendors also provide highly integrated certificate management for their platforms. Beyond transport security, it is crucial to identify which data requires encryption at rest and which requires additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that allows an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate system commands. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, described as "missing or ineffective control design." It is distinct from the source of other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to differentiate between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. One contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. For example, applications that rely on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs) are at risk. An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (such as checking signatures or similar mechanisms). 

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected, and without effective alerting, it is extremely difficult to respond quickly and efficiently during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting prevent the initiation of active responses at any time.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This involves one or more of the following shortcomings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation from occurring, it fails to identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all to the situation afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, such as multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early